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Python how to get request response body

Popularity：738 ℃/2024-11-16 23:58:58

In Python, we can use several libraries to send HTTP requests and get the response body. One of the most commonly used libraries isrequests. This library provides easy to use interface to send HTTP requests and can easily get the content of the response body .

Here is a detailed example showing how to use therequests library to send HTTP GET requests and get the response body. The sample code can be run directly and has some reference value and practical significance.

I. Get request response body

1. Install the requests library.

First, make sure we have installed therequests Library. If it is not already installed, you can use the following command to install it:

bash copy code

pip install requests

2. Sample Code

Here is a complete Python script showing how to send an HTTP GET request and get the response body:

import requests

def fetch_url(url).
    try: # Send HTTP GET request.
        # Send an HTTP GET request
        response = (url)

        # Check if the request was successful (status code is 200)
        if response.status_code == 200: # Get the content of the response body (in text format).
            # Get the content of the response body (in text format)
            response_body =
            print("The request was successful, the content of the response body is as follows:")
            print(response_body)
        else: # If the request fails, output a status code.
            # If the request fails, output the status code and error message
            print(f "Request failed, status code: {response.status_code}")
            print(f "Error message: {}")

    except as e: # Catch all request exceptions and output them.
        # Catch all request exceptions and output an error message.
        print(f "Request exception occurred: {e}")

if __name__ == "__main__".
    # Replace the URL with the one we want to request
    url = "/posts/1"
    fetch_url(url)

3. Code Interpretation

（1）Importing the requests library：

python copy code

import requests

（2）Defining Functionsfetch_url：

  • This function accepts a URL as an argument.
  • utilization(url) Sends an HTTP GET request.
  • Check that the status code of the response is 200 (indicating that the request was successful).
  • If the request is successful, get the content of the response body and print it.
  • If the request fails, output a status code and error message.
  • Catch and handle all request exceptions.

（3）main program：

  • Set a sample URL (the JSONPlaceholder sample API is used here).
  • call (programming)fetch_url function sends the request.

4. Run the code

Save the above code to a Python file (e.g.fetch_url.py), and then run it from the command line:

bash copy code

python fetch_url.py

We should see output similar to the following (the specifics depend on the requested URL):

The request was successful and the response body reads as follows:
{
    "userId": 1,
    "id": 1,
    "title": "sunt aut facere repellat provident occaecati excepturi optio reprehenderit",
    "body": "quia et suscipit\nsuscipit recusandae consequuntur expedita et cum\nreprehenderit molestiae ut ut quasi\net nostrum exercitationem laborum\n".
    "postedDate": "2023-10-04T09:46:24.282Z"
}

5. Cautions

（1）URL: In practice, replace the example URL with the URL we need to request.

（2）error handling: The sample code contains basic error handling, but in a production environment we may need more detailed error handling and logging.

（3）safety: For requests involving sensitive information (e.g. API keys), please ensure that you use the HTTPS protocol and keep sensitive information secure.

This example shows how to use therequests library to send HTTP requests and get response bodies, and is a practical reference for handling HTTP requests and responses.

II. How to create a website in Python

Creating websites in Python usually involves using web frameworks that provide a set of tools and libraries for building web applications and websites. A popular Python web framework is Flask, which is lightweight and easy to get started with, but Django is also a powerful and widely used option. Below I will outline how to create a simple website using Flask.

1. Install Flask

First, we need to install Flask. we can use pip (Python's package manager) to install it:

bash copy code

pip install Flask

2. Create a simple Flask application

(1) Create a new Python file, for example。

(2) Infile, write the following code to create a simple Flask application:

from flask import Flask, render_template
 
app = Flask(__name__)
 
# Routing and View Functions
@('/')
def home():
    return render_template('')
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    (debug=True)

(3) Create a file namedtemplatesand create a folder namedof the files. This folder and files will be used to store our HTML templates.

(4) Infile with some simple HTML code:

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
    <title>My Flask Website</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Welcome to My Flask Website!</h1>
  </body>
</html>

(4) Now we can run our Flask application. From the command line, navigate to the file containing thedirectory of the file and run it:

bash copy code

python

(5) Open our web browser and visit thehttp://127.0.0.1:5000/We should see the home page of the simple website we created. We should see the front page of the simple website we created, which says "Welcome to My Flask Website!".

3. Interpretation of the code

  • from flask import Flask, render_template: Import the Flask class and render_template function from the Flask library.
  • app = Flask(__name__): Create a Flask application instance.
  • @('/'): Define a route that is used when a user accesses the root URL (/) when the following view function is called.
  • def home():: Define a view function to handle requests at the root URL.
  • return render_template(''): Renderingtemplate and return it to the client as an HTTP response.
  • if __name__ == '__main__':: Check that the script is run directly (and not imported as a module).
  • (debug=True): Run the Flask application with debug mode enabled (should be disabled in a production environment).

4. Deployment of the website

To deploy our Flask website on the Internet, we need to deploy it to a web server such as Gunicorn or uWSGI and use a reverse proxy like Nginx to handle static files and forward requests. In addition, we may need to configure a database (such as SQLite, PostgreSQL, or MySQL) to store the site's data.

For production environment deployments, it is recommended to use containerization technologies like Docker to encapsulate our application and its dependencies to ensure consistency and portability across environments. We can also use platforms like Heroku, AWS Elastic Beanstalk or Google Cloud Run to simplify the deployment process.

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