Confirm the current root directory capacity
[root@jesus ~]# df -h
File System Capacity Used Available Used % Mount Point
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 151M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/klas-root 483G 12G 471G 3% /
tmpfs 16G 32M 16G 1% /tmp
/dev/vda2 1014M 153M 862M 16% /boot
/dev/vda1 599M 6.5M 593M 2% /boot/efi
tmpfs 3.1G 0 3.1G 0% /run/user/0Create partitions for newly mounted disks
1. New disk ≤2TB can use the fdisk command to create partitions
[root@jesus ~]# fdisk -l /dev/vdb
Disk /dev/vdb: 1 TiB, 1099511627776 bytes, 2147483648 sectors
Unit: sector / 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes/512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/best): 512 bytes / 512 bytesUse the fdisk command to create a partition
[root@jesus ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.35.2).
Changes will stay in memory until you decide to write the changes to disk.
Please think twice before using the write command.
The device does not contain a recognizable partition table.
A new DOS disk tag with disk identifier 0xf1ff1376 was created.
Command (enter m to get help): m
help:
DOS (MBR)
a switch startable flag
b Edit nested BSD disk tags
c switch dos compatibility flag
conventional
d Delete the partition
F List unpartitioned free zones
l List known partition types
n Add a new partition
p Print partition table
t Change partition type
v Check partition table
i Print relevant information about a partition
Miscellaneous
m Print this menu
u Change Display/Record Unit
x More features (professional only)
script
I Load disk layout from sfdisk script file
O Dump the disk layout into sfdisk script file
Save and exit
w Write the partition table to disk and exit
q Exit without saving changes
Create a new empty disk label
g Create a new GPT partition table
G Create a new empty GPT (IRIX) partition table
o Create a new empty DOS partition table
s Create a new empty Sun partition table
Command (enter m to get help): n
Partition type
p primary partition (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e Extended partition (logical partition container)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
The first sector (2048-2147483647, default 2048):
The last sector, +/-sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-2147483647, default 2147483647):
A new partition 1 was created with type "Linux" and size 1024 GiB.
Command (enter m to get help): w
The partition table has been adjusted.
ioctl() will be called to reread the partition table.
Synchronizing disks.
[root@jesus ~]# fdisk -l /dev/vdb
Disk /dev/vdb: 1 TiB, 1099511627776 bytes, 2147483648 sectors
Unit: sector / 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes/512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/best): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk Tag Type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xf1ff1376
Device Start Start Point End Sector Size Id Type
/dev/vdb1 2048 2147483647 2147481600 1024G 83 Linux2. Fdisk new disk＞2TB Use parted command to create partition
[root@jesus ~]# fdisk -l /dev/vdb
Disk /dev/vdb: 3 TiB, 3298534883328 bytes, 6442450944 sectors
Unit: sector / 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes/512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/best): 512 bytes / 512 bytesCreate partition using parted command
[root@jesus ~]# parted /dev/vdb
GNU Parted 3.3
Use /dev/vdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Enter 'help' to view the command list.
(parted) help
align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
help [COMMAND] Print general help information, or COMMAND help
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE Create a new disk volume label (partition table)
mkpart Partition Type [File System Type] Start Point End Point Create a partition
name number Name Name Name the partition that specifies "number" as "name"
print [devices|free|list,all|number] displays partition table, available devices, remaining space, all partitions or special partitions
quit Exit the program
rescue start point end point rescues lost partitions near the "start point" and "terminal point"
resizepart NUMBER END Change the size of NUMBER
rm NUMBER Delete the partition number NUMBER
select device Select the device to edit
disk_set flag status Change flag on selected device
disk_toggle [Flag] Toggle the flag status on the selected device
set number Flag Status Change the flag of the specified "number" partition
toggle [Number [Flag]] Toggle the "Flag" status on the "Number" partition
unit unit Set the default "unit"
version displays the current version and copyright information of GNU Parted
(parted) p
Error: /dev/vdb: Unrecognized disk volume
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdb: 3299GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition table: unknown
Disk flag:
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mkpart
Partition name? []? vdb1
File system type? [ext2]? ext4
Starting point? 0
End point? 3299GB
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance: 34s % 2048s != 0s
Ignore/Ignore/Cancel? Ignore
(parted) p
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdb: 3299GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition table: gpt
Disk flag:
Number Start point End point Size File system Name Flag
1 17.4kB 3299GB 3299GB ext4 vdb1
(parted) quit
Information: You may need /etc/fstab.
[root@jesus ~]# fdisk -l /dev/vdb
Disk /dev/vdb: 3 TiB, 3298534883328 bytes, 6442450944 sectors
Unit: sector / 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes/512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/best): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk tag type: gpt
Disk identifier: AA6037F0-3F9E-440D-95AE-D927D38B06A5
Device Start Point End Sector Size Type
/dev/vdb1 34 6442450910 6442450877 3T Linux file systemForce the kernel to reread the partition table
[root@jesus ~]# partprobe
Format the partition to ext4 format
[root@jesus ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Discard the device block: Finished
Create a file system with 805306352 blocks (4k per block) and 201326592 inodes
File system UUID: f7fbdcf1-2e46-4d7e-93ef-2129f2eb2591
The backup of the super block is stored in the following blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544
Assigning group table: Completed
Writing to the inode table: Completed
Creating logs (262144 blocks) completed
Write superblock and file system account statistics: CompletedView volume group name
You can see that the volume group is named klas
[root@jesus ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name klas
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 498.41 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 127593
Alloc PE / Size 127592 / <498.41 GiB
Free PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB
VG UUID hru1pG-Ndo3-5A5I-2lLn-XJaJ-kXet-lBy6Te
Physical volume (PV) creation
[root@jesus ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb1
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/vdb1 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/vdb1.
Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created.
Volume Group (VG) Extension
[root@jesus ~]# vgextend klas /dev/vdb1
Volume group "klas" successfully extended
View the root partition
[root@jesus ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/klas/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name klas
LV UUID gIk5bI-gv8L-zzyv-3NS1-7hOY-NLb2-3Tg2ms
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2025-03-01 13:14:09 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 15.92 GiB
Current LE 4076
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 252:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/klas/root
LV Name root
VG Name klas
LV UUID CsXa7j-GO45-Y9AU-jMj6-Kjif-fod5-zWbCxN
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2025-03-01 13:14:10 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 482.48 GiB
Current LE 123516
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 252:0
Logical volume (LV) extension
[root@jesus ~]# lvextend /dev/klas/root /dev/vdb1
Size of logical volume klas/root changed from 482.48 GiB (123516 extents) to 3.47 TiB (909947 extents).
Logical volume klas/root successfully resized.
View file system format
If it is xfs, use the xfs_growf command. If it is ext2/ext3/ext4, use the resize2fs command. You can see that the xfs format is here.
[root@jesus ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Mar 1 05:14:31 2025
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
/dev/mapper/klas-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=5a5507a0-0266-427e-af25-6e6c3e94a9ee /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=7B28-C2ED /boot/efi vfat umask=0077,shortname=winnt 0 2
File system expansion
[root@jesus ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/klas/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/klas-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=31620096 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=126480384, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=61758, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 126480384 to 931785728
Final verification
[root@jesus ~]# df -h
File System Capacity Used Available Used % Mount Point
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 192K 16G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 151M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/klas-root 3.5T 34G 3.5T 1% /
tmpfs 16G 32M 16G 1% /tmp
/dev/vda2 1014M 153M 862M 16% /boot
/dev/vda1 599M 6.5M 593M 2% /boot/efi
tmpfs 3.1G 0 3.1G 0% /run/user/0