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Linux | How to create a home directory on the /data disk sudo user

Popularity：852 ℃/2025-04-02 16:50:52

need:

I got the boss's server account ssh [email protected]. I need to log in to the boss's account, and then create an account for myself to realize ssh <user_name>@172.16.1.100 login.
I hope my account has 1. Sudo permissions, 2. The home directory has a large space.

(The boss, <user_name> and 172.16.1.100 addresses are all false.)

Table of contents
  • 01 Create a new user
    • 1 Confirm the location of the large-capacity disk
    • 2 Create a new user and specify the Home directory
    • 3 Set user password
    • 4 Grant new user sudo permissions
    • 5 Test login
  • 02 Follow-up work of configuring the environment

01 Create a new user

1 Confirm the location of the large-capacity disk

df -h # Check the disk space of the file system and confirm the large-capacity partition mount point

Specifically:

  • df is the abbreviation for "disk free" and is used to report the disk space usage of the file system.
  • The -h option means displaying disk space in a human-readable format (such as KB, MB, GB), rather than in bytes.

After running the df -h command, you will see an output similar to the following:

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs           1.6G  2.4M  1.6G   1% /run
/dev/sda1        233G   50G  173G  23% /
tmpfs           7.8G  124M  7.7G   2% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sdb1        917G  200G  667G  22% /mnt/data
tmpfs           1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/1000

The meaning of each column is as follows:

  • Filesystem: Filesystem name.
  • Size: Total size.
  • Used: The space used.
  • Avail: Available space.
  • Use%: Disk space usage.
  • Mounted on: Mounted point.

2 Create a new user and specify the Home directory

# Suppose we want to create the home directory under /data
 sudo useradd -m -d /data/<user_name> -s /bin/bash <user_name>

in,

  • -m: Automatically create the Home directory (if the parent directory/data exists)
  • -d: Specify the custom Home directory path
  • -s: Set the default shell to bash

3 Set user password

sudo passwd <user_name>
 # Enter the new password twice as prompted

4 Grant new user sudo permissions

sudo usermod -aG sudo <user_name>

Verify directory permissions:

sudo chown -R <user_name>:<user_name> /data/<user_name> # Make sure the directory belongs correctly
 ls -ld /data/<user_name> # Check permission should be drwxr-xr-x

5 Test login

ssh <user_name>@172.16.1.100
 # Verify after entering your password:
 pwd # should display /data/<user_name>
 df -h . # Check the space of the partition where the current directory resides

If login fails, check /etc/ssh/sshd_config to ensure that password authentication is allowed (PasswordAuthentication yes), or set the <user_name> user's ssh key directly in the boss user.

02 Follow-up work of configuring the environment

  • Set up the ssh key to log in, and you can log in to the server without entering the password:Linux · ssh | How to use ssh keys to log in to a Linux server without password
  • Install conda:Conda | How to install conda on Linux server ，Conda | How to install miniconda on Linux server
  • Configure git and GitHub access:Git | How to configure git on a new server
  • Configure the proxy:Python · GitHub · Linux | Use native as proxy server
  • Install MuJoCo, mujoco_py:Python · MuJoCo | MuJoCo corresponds to the version of mujoco_py, and installs Cython
  • Create a new conda environment: conda create --name <env_name> python=3.8
  • Install dm_control and other libraries:Python · Jax | Install jax on python 3.8 and run offline RL IQL


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