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Zero to One: Building Your First Web Service in Go

Popularity：760 ℃/2024-08-06 16:09:20

Build a web service from scratch using the Go language, including key steps such as environment setup, routing, middleware usage, JSON and form data processing, and more, providing rich code examples.

Concerned about TechLead, Dr. Fudan, sharing full-dimension development technology in cloud service field. He has 10+ years of experience in Internet service architecture, AI product development and team management, member of Fudan Robotics Intelligence Laboratory, expert in judging national university tournaments, published several academic papers in SCI core journals, senior architect certified by AliCloud, and R&D leader of AI products with hundreds of millions of revenue.

file

Environment Setup

Before we start development, we need to make sure that the Go language development environment is installed in our local environment.

Installing the Go language

It can be done from theGo Language Official WebsiteDownload the installation package for your operating system and follow the guide on the official website.

Configuring Development Tools

It is recommended to use VS Code or GoLand for Go language development. Here are the steps to configure VS Code:

  1. Install the VS Code editor.
  2. Install the Go plugin: open VS Code, go to the plugin marketplace, search for and install itGoPlug-ins.
  3. Configure the Go development environment: Make sure the Go language installation path has been added to the system environment variables.

Creating a Project Structure

Create a new project folder and initialize the Go module.

mkdir simple-web-server
cd simple-web-server
go mod init simple-web-server

Creating an HTTP server

We will use the Go standard librarynet/httpto create a simple HTTP server.

Introducing the necessary packages

Create a file in the project root directory calledfile and introduce the necessary packages.

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
)

Creating simple HTTP handler functions

We need to create a handler function to respond to HTTP requests.

func helloHandler(w , r *) {
	(w, "Hello, World!")
}

Create and start the HTTP server

existmainfunction, we will create the HTTP server and specify the port number.

func main() {
("/", helloHandler) // set up the route
("Starting server at port 8080")
if err := (":8080", nil); err ! = nil {
("Error starting server:", err)
}
}

completeThe documents are listed below:

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
)

func helloHandler(w , r *) {
	(w, "Hello, World!")
}

func main() {
	("/", helloHandler) // Setting up routing
	("Starting server at port 8080")
	if err := (":8080", nil); err != nil {
		("Error starting server:", err)
	}
}

Operations Server

Run the following command in a terminal to start the server:

go run

Open your browser and visithttp://localhost:8080You will see a page that says "Hello, World!".

Routing and Request Handling

We will extend the HTTP server with more routing and handler functions.

Adding a new route

Add a new handler function to handle/greetPath requests.

func greetHandler(w , r *) {
	name := ().Get("name")
	if name == "" {
		name = "Guest"
	}
	(w, "Hello, %s!", name)
}

Registering a new route

existmainfunction to register a new route:

func main() {
	("/", helloHandler) // Setting up root path routing
	("/greet", greetHandler) // set up/greetPath Routing
	("Starting server at port 8080")
	if err := (":8080", nil); err != nil {
		("Error starting server:", err)
	}
}

Testing new routes

Restart the server and access thehttp://localhost:8080/greet?name=GoThe page will say "Hello, Go!".

Processing form data

We will extend the server to handle POST requests and form data.

Creating HTML forms

Add a new handler function to display HTML forms:

func formHandler(w , r *) {
	html := `<html><body>
	<form method="POST" action="/submit">
		<label for="name">Name:</label>
		<input type="text"  name="name">
		<input type="submit" value="Submit">
	</form>
	</body></html>`
	(w, html)
}

Handling form submissions

Add a new handler function to handle form submissions:

func submitHandler(w , r *) {
	if  !=  {
		(w, "Invalid request method", )
		return
	}
	name := ("name")
	(w, "Form submitted! Hello, %s!", name)
}

Registering a new route

existmainfunction to register a new route:

func main() {
	("/", helloHandler) // Setting up root path routing
	("/greet", greetHandler) // set up/greetPath Routing
	("/form", formHandler) // set up/formPath Routing
	("/submit", submitHandler) // set up/submitPath Routing
	("Starting server at port 8080")
	if err := (":8080", nil); err != nil {
		("Error starting server:", err)
	}
}

Test Form Functionality

Restart the server and access thehttp://localhost:8080/formIf you fill in the form and submit it, the page will display "Form submitted! Hello, [your name]!"

With the above steps, we have successfully created a simple Go Web Service with routing processing and form data handling.

Stay tuned if this helps!
TeahLead KrisChang, 10+ years of Internet and AI experience, 10+ years of technical and business team management experience, Tongji Software Engineering Bachelor's Degree, Fudan Engineering Management Master's Degree, AliCloud Certified Cloud Services Senior Architect, Hundreds of millions of revenue AI product business leader.

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